Community Health Nursing: NCK Exam Questions & Revision

Immunising children against measles is an example of which level of prevention?

• A. Primary prevention
• B. Secondary prevention
• C. Tertiary prevention
• D. Rehabilitation

Why: Immunisation prevents disease before it occurs, which is primary prevention.

A core principle of primary health care (Alma-Ata) is:

• A. Hospital specialist care only
• B. Community participation
• C. Private financing only
• D. Curative services only

Why: Community participation, equity, intersectoral collaboration and appropriate technology are core principles of primary health care.

Following the Alma Ata Declaration, which three (3) components of primary health care were incorporated into Kenya's health system?

• A. Mental health, immunization, dental health.
• B. Mental health, HIV and AIDs, Dental health.
• C. Mental health, provision of essential drugs, HIV and AIDs.
• D. Mental health, provision of essential drugs, immunization.

Why: The Alma Ata Declaration emphasized essential components of primary health care, including mental health, provision of essential drugs, and immunization. These components are crucial for promoting health and preventing diseases. Options a and b include dental health, which is not a primary focus of the Alma Ata Declaration. Option c includes HIV and AIDS, which became a focus later, but was not initially emphasized in the Alma Ata Declaration.

When health care is accessible in terms of location, cost, and cultural relevance for the entire community, it is referred to as:

• A. Available to the community.
• B. Acceptable to the community.
• C. Accessible to the community.
• D. Affordable to the community.

Why: The term 'accessible' in healthcare refers to the ease with which the community can obtain necessary health services. This includes considerations of location, cost, and cultural relevance, ensuring that services are within reach for all community members. 'Available' focuses more on the presence of services, 'acceptable' emphasizes cultural and social appropriateness, and 'affordable' specifically addresses cost. Therefore, 'accessible' is the most comprehensive term encompassing all these aspects.

Community diagnosis is performed in which setting?

• A. With active participation of members of the community.
• B. With active participation of the leaders in the community.
• C. With active participation of health workers only.
• D. By strictly looking at medical problems.

Why: Community diagnosis is a comprehensive assessment of health needs and resources in a community, which requires the active participation of community members to ensure that the identified issues and solutions are relevant and culturally appropriate. Involving only leaders or health workers may overlook the community's actual needs and perspectives. Focusing strictly on medical problems ignores social determinants of health.

What is the primary objective of conducting a screening test?

• A. Diagnose persons with the disease.
• B. Detect persons with risk factors of sub-clinical disease.
• C. Check whether a population-is at risk of a disease.
• D. Collect the data for a mass campaign.

Why: The primary objective of conducting a screening test is to detect persons with risk factors or sub-clinical disease. Screening tests are designed to identify individuals who may have a disease or condition before symptoms appear, allowing for early intervention and management. Option a is incorrect because diagnosis is confirmed through diagnostic tests, not screening. Option c is incorrect as screening focuses on individuals, not populations. Option d is incorrect because data collection for mass campaigns is not the primary objective of screening tests.